2024.07.07ブログ
TMS治療は20歳未満のADHDおよびASDに有効か？その理由と根拠となる論文について
TMS治療は20歳未満のADHDおよびASDに有効か？その理由と根拠となる論文について
今回はTMS治療は20歳未満のADHDおよびASDに有効か？その理由と根拠となる論文について解説します。
TMS治療は内服を使わない精神科での治療として日本で少しずつ利用されるようになってきています。
＜TMS治療とは＞
経頭蓋磁気刺激（TMS: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation）は、磁場を用いて脳の特定の部位を刺激する治療法です。非侵襲的であり、脳の活動を調整することで、さまざまな精神神経疾患の治療に用いられています。
（１）ADHDに対するTMS治療の有効性
①理由:
神経調節: ADHDは前頭前野の機能障害と関連しています。TMSはこの領域を刺激することで、注意力や行動制御の改善をもたらします。
神経可塑性: TMSは脳の神経可塑性を促進し、脳の機能的再編成を助けることができます。
②根拠となる論文:
研究例1: "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study" (Weaver et al., 2012)では、TMSがADHDの注意力改善に有効であることが示されています【1】。
研究例2: "Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Attention and Impulsivity in ADHD" (Noda et al., 2020)では、前頭前野のTMSがADHD症状の軽減に効果的であることが示されています【2】。
（２）ASDに対するTMS治療の有効性
①理由:
社会的認知の改善: ASDは社会的認知やコミュニケーションの障害が特徴です。TMSはこれらの脳領域を刺激し、社会的認知機能を向上させる可能性があります。
神経ネットワークの調整: TMSは脳内の神経ネットワークを調整し、ASDに関連する異常な脳活動を正常化することが期待されます。
②根拠となる論文:
研究例1: "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Promise, and Road Ahead" (Oberman et al., 2016)では、TMSがASD患者の社交能力や認知機能の改善に寄与する可能性が示されています【3】。
研究例2: "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder" (Enticott et al., 2014)では、TMSがASD患者の行動症状の改善に有効であることが示されています【4】。
結論
今回はTMS治療は20歳未満のADHDおよびASDに有効か？その理由と根拠となる論文について解説しました。
現時点での研究結果は、TMS治療が20歳未満のADHDおよびASD患者に対して有効である可能性を示唆しています。しかし、これらの結果はまだ初期段階であり、さらなる大規模で長期的な研究が必要です。TMSは非侵襲的で比較的安全な治療法であり、薬物治療の副作用を避けたい患者にとって有望な選択肢となり得ます。
参考文献
Weaver, L., et al. "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study." (2012).
Noda, Y., et al. "Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Attention and Impulsivity in ADHD." (2020).
Oberman, L. M., et al. "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Promise, and Road Ahead." (2016).
Enticott, P. G., et al. "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder." (2014).
Is TMS Treatment Effective for ADHD and ASD in Individuals Under 20? Explained by a Dermatologist from Nagoya
Today, I will explain whether TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation) treatment is effective for ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) and ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) in individuals under 20, along with supporting evidence from research studies.
TMS treatment is gradually being utilized in Japan as a non-pharmacological psychiatric treatment.
What is TMS Treatment?
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a treatment that uses magnetic fields to stimulate specific areas of the brain. It is non-invasive and used to regulate brain activity, making it applicable for various neuropsychiatric disorders.
1. Efficacy of TMS Treatment for ADHD
Reasons:
Neuromodulation: ADHD is associated with dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. TMS can stimulate this area, leading to improvements in attention and behavioral control.
Neuroplasticity: TMS promotes neuroplasticity, aiding in the functional reorganization of the brain.
Supporting Evidence:
Study Example 1: "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study" (Weaver et al., 2012) demonstrated that TMS is effective in improving attention in ADHD patients【1】.
Study Example 2: "Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Attention and Impulsivity in ADHD" (Noda et al., 2020) showed that TMS of the prefrontal cortex effectively reduces ADHD symptoms【2】.
2. Efficacy of TMS Treatment for ASD
Reasons:
Improvement in Social Cognition: ASD is characterized by impairments in social cognition and communication. TMS can stimulate these brain regions, potentially enhancing social cognitive functions.
Regulation of Neural Networks: TMS can adjust neural networks in the brain, normalizing abnormal brain activity associated with ASD.
Supporting Evidence:
Study Example 1: "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Promise, and Road Ahead" (Oberman et al., 2016) suggested that TMS can contribute to improvements in social skills and cognitive functions in ASD patients【3】.
Study Example 2: "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder" (Enticott et al., 2014) demonstrated that TMS is effective in improving behavioral symptoms in ASD patients【4】.
Conclusion
Today, I explained whether TMS treatment is effective for ADHD and ASD in individuals under 20, along with the reasons and supporting research studies.
Current research suggests that TMS treatment may be effective for ADHD and ASD in individuals under 20. However, these results are still in the early stages, and further large-scale and long-term studies are needed. TMS is a non-invasive and relatively safe treatment, making it a promising option for patients who wish to avoid the side effects of medication.
References:
Weaver et al. (2012). "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and young adults: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study."
Noda et al. (2020). "Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) on Attention and Impulsivity in ADHD."
Oberman et al. (2016). "Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Promise, and Road Ahead."
Enticott et al. (2014). "Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the Treatment of Autistic Disorder."
